International Business Ethics Essay Example for Free

International Business Ethics Essay A business colleague once recalled a situation in which a former employer had to decide whether gift-giving or bribery was ethically acceptable. In an international business situation, bribery is often a way of cutting through bureaucratic red tape and expediting deals. American companies consider bribery unethical because the American way considers bribery an unfair advantage and does not condone the practice. On an international level, bribery is often an accepted part of local culture and not seen as unethical, but as a way to achieve a quick win-win deal for all parties involved. American business has long been accused of cultural imperialism, the practice of promoting the culture of one nation into another nation by force (wikipedia, 2007). American businesses feel that the American way of doing business is the only way all international businesses should operate, regardless of a locally accepted practices or culture. American companies that are not willing to accept that bribery is an ethical and integral part of performing business on international soil are severely short selling business opportunities. While bribery has resulted in unethical practices on American soil, the same is not true in many international settings. Extra payment for services is seen as good business and often the only way to get any business completed in a timely fashion. While some companies may use bribery on international soil to a disadvantage, most local business cultures simply will not do business without the bribery payments. Globalization has increased the pressure on international business members to regulate many business practices such as bribery. American businesses need to be cognizant of international cultures and take into consideration that accepted practices in a global setting may not be the same as on American soil. Global regulation should strive to be free of American cultural imperialism to be accepted and respected on an international level. Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_imperialism

Iago and Honesty in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays Shak

Iago and Honesty in Othello    Iago uses the word "honest" in act three of Othello in three primary ways.   The first way he uses it is to mean honourable, about Cassio.   He uses this meaning of the word to force Othello to doubt Cassio's honesty, and question his hounorablility.   The second way is to mean faithful, both about Desdemona and Cassio.   Iago uses it in the context that the two may be "truthful," again to make Othello doubt.   The third way is Iago's most effective use, which is to use honest in the context to mean truthful, as in, he has told Othello the truth.   However, Shakespeare has created tremendous dramatic irony, for we know that Iago is being anything except truthful.   The three uses of the word honest are used largely in the subtext of the act, they are used by Iago to force Othello to question his wife's integrity, and honesty.   Shakespeare uses the word by Iago to plant tremendous doubt in Othello's mind.   The word is also used by Iago in the action line.   His objective is constantly to make Othello think things without actually being told them, and Iago's parroting of the word and constant useage do this quite nicely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Iago initially uses the word honest to mean honourable, in reference to Cassio.   Othello has asked him if "he [Cassio] is not honest?"   To which Iago parrots back "Honest my lord?"   This usage is constant with what Othello means, whether Cassio is honourable or not.   However, Iago uses the word to cast doubt on Othello.   By parroting it back, he is making it seem to Othello that he does not want to answer the question, that he doesn't want to tell Othello something.   This is seen in the subtext that Iago wishes to create.   This use of it also contributes to Iago's objective, to... ...o uses the word almost laughingly behind Othello's back, telling him that he has been driven to honesty, when he know that Iago is only telling Othello half truths.   Shakespeare uses the word effectively to create dramatic irony.    Works Cited Barthelemy, Anthony G. "Introduction" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 1-19) Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987.   

On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay

Now considered not only a legendary work within the history of American literature, Jack Kerouac’s â€Å"On the Road† is also regarded as the pivotal work of an entire generation of young Americans looking for purpose and direction in a nation not far removed from world war, and becoming increasingly complicated and fast paced. In the midst of the sweeping societal changes depicted through Kerouac’s characters in â€Å"On the Road†, the protagonist of the story, Dean Moriarty, stands as an iconic, enigmatic figure. In this essay, the dynamics and complexities of Moriarty’s personality, as well as the changes that this personality undergoes as â€Å"On the Road† unfolds will be discussed in order to better understand not only Moriarty as a character, but also what he represents. Dean Moriarty’s Changes Within the Plot of â€Å"On the Road† The changes that Moriarty goes through in Kerouac’s book are symbolic not only of the general direction of his life itself, but also the society in which he lives, the people with whom he interacts, and what the future holds for everyone, including this character himself. Gaining even a fundamental understanding of the character of Moriarty in necessary to make this possible. Dean Moriarty makes a notable entrance into the plot of â€Å"On the Road†; from the very beginning, he captures the interest of the other characters in the book because of his very nature, which is highly animated, yet appealing because of his obvious passion for life and his interest in living every moment to its fullest (Whissen, 1992). At the same time, showing that he is a constantly changing individual, Moriarty is alienated from some of the more conventional people who are friends with other main characters in the story, a divide which none of the main characters make an effort to remedy, setting the stage for Moriarty to blaze his own path in subsequent sections of the book. Perhaps on of the most significant characteristics of Moriarty, which serves as a catalyst for many of the changes through which he goes, is the fact that he is very appealing to the opposite sex; this sort of romantic tension creates a bit of mystery about Moriarty (Swartz, 1999). This charisma also opens up a world of possibilities for Moriarty to explore, and presents him with many temptations and challenges that other people may never experience. Whether this charisma with women was something that came about just by the way that Moriarty presented himself, or it was something toward which he aspired and took specific steps to ensure that women would find him desirable, this aspect of his personality was the first step in the changes that he undergoes throughout the story. First, in regard to Moriarty’s changes, the fact that he carries on multiple relationships with women, many at the same time, makes it necessary for Moriarty to constantly travel throughout the nation, truly embodying the â€Å"on the road† lifestyle which forms the backbone of Kerouac’s book. The consequences of these many relationships, and the ensuing complications and commitments that come out of them, create problems for Moriarty that he is forced to confront, and conform to as well. The complexity of these relationships is made even more dramatic by the fact that eventually, Moriarty fathers multiple children with multiple women, making it all but impossible for him to carry on any kind of a conventional life or to remain stationery in one place for any amount of time; the ability that most people have to lead an ordinary, day to day existence, is denied Moriarty because of the choices he makes in his personal life until almost the end of the book. A second area of change for Dean Moriarty is seen in his social interactions with friends beyond the level of romantic interludes. Socially, Moriarty also undergoes a great deal of change as the plot of the book unfolds. Because of Moriarty’s alienation from people beyond his immediate circle of close friends, he becomes more withdrawn from the regular social aspects of everyday society and has a sort of sadness and emptiness about him. This emptiness is filled with sordid affairs with women as was discussed earlier, travel, and excesses such as drinking and outlandish behavior, which will be discussed in more detail in a subsequent section of this essay. Moriarty’s charismatic nature in some instances is also important to realize from the viewpoint of the change that he affects in others, perhaps most significantly in the case of his best friend, Sal Paradise. Because Sal looks up to Dean in basically every area of life as a role model of sorts (Whissen, 1992), he imitates even Dean’s worst behavioral traits, including the constant traveling. The foolishness of this imitation is made more dramatic by the fact that Sal is older than Dean, making the implication that Dean could in fact learn a lot from Sal if the situation were somehow reversed. Finally, a change that Moriarty attempts is as significant as any of the others which he ahs undergone throughout â€Å"On the Road†. Ultimately, Moriarty attempts to take on the persona of a civilized and responsible individual when he acknowledges his responsibilities to his marriage vows and the children that were created as a result of his marital union. Getting a job and attempting to settle into a normal, structured home life, Moriarty does give this endeavor and life change a sincere effort, but he soon finds that this is more difficult for him than he may have expected. Due to this realization, which some might say is a recognition of his own nature as a traveling, somewhat chaotic individual with a high level of appeal to women in general, he quickly loses interest in being a good father and husband; for example, ignoring the cries of his child, obsessing about the other women with whom he was involved in the past, and more than likely planning the next step of his symbolic and literally road journey in a search for what is missing in his life, and what the life of an average husband/father, in his view, fails to deliver. An Insight into Moriarty’s Mindset By studying the pattern of Moriarty’s behavior, and the different personalities and attitudes he embraces, it is much easier to profile the mindset of this enigmatic and complicated character. Moriarty’s inner emptiness is apparent when his actions and value systems, flawed as they are, are separated from the action of â€Å"On the Road†, and the story itself is looked at in a more philosophical way. The argument can be made that Moriarty’s mindset is symbolic of the state of affairs in America at the time that Kerouac wrote his book; because the nation was in the process of gaining a new identity following World War II and before the Korean War reached its climax, the nation collectively, and Dean Moriarty individually, began to question what the nature of life is all about and whether the regular, day to day life of the average person is the best state of living that one can reach (Begnal, 1998). A restless nation, reflected in the restless persona of Moriarty, comes shining through, towering over the plot and other characters of the book itself. Also, the question of the nature of Moriarty’s charisma is important when gaining a fuller understanding of his mindset and value system. If one takes the position that Moriarty was embedded with charisma and it was beyond his control to do anything but to submit to its power, then Moriarty can be sympathetically viewed as a victim. However, if the position is taken that Moriarty was a calculating individual whose romantic flings were deliberately worked toward and pursued as a goal, then Moriarty can be seen as less than a charming Casanova, and more accurately, a dangerous predator that poisons every relationship with which he comes into contact. The many changes of Dean Moriarty, as well as the changes he influences in others and the effects that he has on those with whom he interacts, all conspire to create within him a great deal of conflict and anxiety, which displays itself in a sort of madness. This madness is also important to understand when studying the dynamic nature of Moriarty himself. Moriarty’s Descent into Madness By creating human conflict, chaos and turmoil for virtually everyone he meets, Moriarty has built for himself a complicated lifestyle that can be said to be rooted in madness. This madness, like so many of the other facets of Moriarty’s being, eventually spill out into the open for everyone to see, much like the classic example of someone wearing their heart on their sleeve. Generally speaking, it can be fairly said that one of the most characteristic displays of some level of madness in the mind of Dean Moriarty can be seen in his wanderlust-based lifestyle and personality. Just as Moriarty traveled from one romantic liaison to another, and fathered one child after another, he journeyed from one physical location to another. This journey can be viewed as a quest to fill the emptiness within his soul in some instances, or a desire to escape from any form of commitment in others. The comparison of this journey to the journey of realization that America was taking at the time is also accurate and appropriate. Whichever comparison one chooses, no one can deny that the rapid pace at which Moriarty went back and forth from one destination to another is indicative of at least some level of madness. As Moriarty traveled about, his madness was further shown to be strong and prominent by his disregard for the wellbeing of others. Specifically depicted in the book is Moriarty’s journey to Chicago, during which his outlandish behavior puts others at risk, but he seems not to be concerned about it in the slightest. Yet another piece of evidence that speaks to the level of madness that Moriarty reaches in the book is punctuated by the behavior that he not only sees as nothing out of the ordinary, but also that he recommends to others, and tries to convince them to participate in as something that is acceptable. Specifically, Moriarty at one point makes the suggestion that his protege of sorts, Sal, and his wife join Moriarty in stripping off their clothes and running about in public. What this shows is not only Moriarty’s deteriorated sense of right and wrong, but also his general contempt for the trappings of conventional society, rebellion against that society, and his desire to express his total freedom and ability to do whatever he wishes, whenever he wishes, without any notable consequences for himself or others. Sadly, of course, his actions are creating chaos wherever he goes, even if he is blind to it. Lastly, something needs to be said about Moriarty’s drunken lifestyle, as well as its influence on his behaviors and choices. When he indulges in alcohol binges, his erratic behavior increases, more bad choices are made, and more people are affected for the worse. The women and children that he leaves in his alcoholic wake are forced to pick up the pieces and clean up the messes that Moriarty creates. All the while, he carries on- seemingly oblivious to what he is causing to happen, and dulled by his own vices. Conclusion Just as â€Å"On the Road† profiled an entire generation and reflected the spirit of a nation in transition, so too did Dean Moriarty. Based in part on actual people whom Kerouac knew, this character represented a composite of the quest for happiness and meaning in a chaotic world as well as the paradox of someone who wants to pursue their own enjoyments but too late realizes that total indulgence carries with it a steep price. In conclusion, what is seen in both Moriarty and the story in which he exists is the brilliance, and frailty of the human mind, the search for enlightenment, and the journey along the way- basically, the road that is chosen and what that means for the traveler.

Found Poetry Read Examples and Write Your Own Literary Remix

Poetry is everywhere, and it hides in plain view. Everyday writing like catalogs and tax forms can contain the ingredients for a found poem.  Writers of found poetry pull words and phrases from various  sources, including news articles,  shopping lists, graffiti, historic documents, and even other works of literature.  The original language is reformatted to create the found poem. If youve ever played with a  magnetic poetry kit, then youre  familiar with found poetry. Words are borrowed, and yet the poem is unique.  A successful found  poem doesnt simply repeat information. Instead, the poet engages with the text and offers  a new context, a contrary view, a fresh insight, or lyrical and evocative writing. Just  as plastic  bottles can be recycled to make a chair, the source text is  transformed into something completely different. Traditionally, a found poem uses only words from the original source. However, poets have developed many  ways to work with found language. Rearranging word order, inserting line breaks and stanzas, and adding new language can be part of the process. Check out these six popular approaches to creating found poems.   1. Dada Poetry In 1920  when the Dada movement was building up steam, founding member  Tristan Tzara  proposed to write a poem using random words pulled from a sack. He copied each word exactly as it appeared. The poem that emerged was, of course, an incomprehensible jumble. Using Tzaras method, a found poem drawn from this paragraph might look like this: Movement up write using pulled steam a;Was when dada member founding the tristan in words;Poem to proposed a from 1920;Building sack random tzara Outraged critics said Tristan Tzara made a mockery of poetry. But this was his intention. Just as Dada painters and sculptors defied the established art world, Tzara took the air out of literary pretension.   Your Turn:  To make your own Dada poem, follow Tzaras instructions  or use an  online Dada Poem Generator. Have fun with the absurdity of random word arrangements. You may discover unexpected insights and delightful word combinations. Some poets say its as though  the universe conspires to make meaning.  But even if your Dada poem is nonsensical,  the exercise can spark creativity and inspire more traditional works.   2. Cut-up and Remix Poetry (Dà ©coupà ©) Like Dada poetry, cut-up and remix poetry (called  dà ©coupà © in French) can be randomly generated. However, writers of cut-up and remix poetry often opt to organize the found words into grammatical lines and stanzas. Unwanted words are discarded. Beat writer William S. Burroughs championed the cut-up approach during the late 1950s and early 60s.  He divided pages of a source text into quarters that  he rearranged and turned into poems. Or, alternatively, he folded pages to merge lines and create unexpected juxtapositions.  Ã‚   While his cut and fold poems  can seem perplexing, its clear that Burroughs made deliberate choices. Notice the eerie but consistent mood in this excerpt from Formed in the Stance, a poem that Burroughs made from a Saturday Evening Post article about cancer cures:  Ã‚   The girls eat morningDying peoples to a white bone monkeyin the Winter suntouching tree of the house. $$$$ Your Turn:  To write your own cut-up poems, follow Burroughs methods  or experiment with an online  cut-up generator. Any type of text is fair game. Borrow words from a car repair manual, a recipe, or a fashion magazine. You can even use another poem, creating a type of cut-up poem known as a a  vocabularyclept. Feel free to shape your found language into stanzas, add poetic devices like rhyme and meter, or develop a formal pattern such as a limerick or sonnet.   3. Blackout  Poems Similar to cut-up poetry, a blackout poem begins with an existing text, usually a newspaper. Using a heavy black marker, the writer blots out most of the page. The remaining words are not moved or rearranged. Fixed in place, they float in a sea of darkness. The contrast of black and white stirs thoughts of censorship and secrecy. Whats hiding behind the headlines of our daily paper? What does the highlighted text reveal about politics and world events? The idea of redacting words to create a new work goes back centuries, but the process became trendy when writer and artist Austin Kleon  posted newspaper blackout poems online and then published his book and companion blog, Newspaper  Blackout. Evocative and  dramatic, blackout poems retain the original typography and word placement. Some artists add graphic designs, while others let the stark words stand on their own.   Your Turn:  To create your own blackout poem, all you need is a newspaper and a black marker. View examples on Pinterest and watch Kleons video, How to Make a Newspaper Blackout Poem. 4. Erasure Poems An erasure poem is like a photo-negative of a blackout poem. The redacted text is not blackened but erased, clipped out, or obscured beneath white-out, pencil, gouache paint, colored marker, sticky notes, or stamps. Often the shading is translucent, leaving some words slightly visible. The diminished language becomes a poignant subtext to the remaining words. Erasure poetry is both a literary and a visual art. The poet engages in a dialog with a found text, adding  sketches, photographs, and handwritten notations.  American poet Mary Ruefle, who has created nearly 50 book-length erasures, argues that each is an original work and should not be classified as found poetry. I certainly didnt find any of these pages, Ruefle wrote in an essay about her process. I made them in my head, just as I do my other work.   Your Turn:  To explore the technique, try the online erasure tool from Ruefles publisher, Wave Books. Or take the art to another level: Forage used bookstores for a vintage novel with interesting illustrations and typography. Give yourself permission to write and draw on time-worn pages. For inspiration, view examples on Pinterest. 5. Centos In Latin, cento means patchwork, and a cento poem  is, indeed, a patchwork of salvaged language.  The form dates back to antiquity when Greek and Roman poets recycled  lines from revered writers like Homer and Virgil.  By juxtaposing lyrical language and presenting new contexts, a cento poet honors  literary giants from the past. After editing a new edition of The Oxford Book of American Poetry, David Lehman  wrote a 49-line Oxford Cento composed entirely of lines from the anthologized writers.  Twentieth century poet  John Ashbery borrowed from more than 40 works for his cento, To a Waterfowl.  Heres an excerpt: Go, lovely rose,This is no country for old men. The youngMidwinter spring is its own seasonAnd a few lilies blow. They that have power to hurt, and will do none.Looking as if she were alive, I call.The vapours weep their burthen to the ground. Ashberys poem follows a logical sequence. Theres a consistent tone and a coherent meaning. Yet the phrases in this short section are from seven different poems:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sailing to Byzantium† by William Butler Yeats  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Four Quartets 4: Little Gidding† by T.S. Eliot  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Heaven-Haven by  Gerard Manley Hopkins  Sonnet 94 by William Shakespeare  Ã¢â‚¬Å"My Last Duchess† by Robert BrowningTithonus by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Your Turn:  The cento is a challenging form, so start with no more than four or five favorite poems. Seek out phrases that suggest a common mood or theme. Print several lines on strips of paper that you can rearrange. Experiment with line breaks and explore ways to juxtapose the found language. Do the lines seem to flow together naturally? Have you discovered original insights? Youve created a cento!   6. Acrostic  Poems and Golden Shovels In a variation of cento poetry, the writer draws from famous poems but adds new language and new ideas.  The borrowed words become a modified acrostic, forming a message within the new poem. Acrostic poetry suggests  many possibilities. The most famous version is the  Golden Shovel form  popularized by American writer  Terrance Hayes. Hayes won acclaim for his complex and ingenious poem titled  The Golden Shovel.  Ã‚  Each line of Hayes poem ends with language from The Pool Players.  Seven at the Golden Shovel by Gwendolyn Brooks. For example, Brooks wrote:   We real cool. WeLeft school. Hayes wrote: When I am so small Da’s sock covers my arm, wecruise at twilight until we find the place the realmen lean, bloodshot and translucent with cool.His smile is a gold-plated incantation as wedrift by women on bar stools, with nothing leftin them but approachlessness. This is a school Brookss words (shown here in bold type) are revealed by reading Hayess poem vertically.   Your Turn: To write your own Golden Shovel, choose a few lines from a poem you admire. Using your own language, write a new poem that shares your perspective or introduces a new topic. End each line of your poem with a word from the source poem. Do not change the order of the borrowed words. Found Poetry and Plagiarism Is found poetry cheating?  Isnt it plagiarism to use words that arent your own?   All writing is, as William S. Burroughs argued, a collage of words read and heard and overhead. No writer begins with a blank page. That said, writers of found poetry risk plagiarism if they merely copy, summarize, or paraphrase their sources. Successful found poems offer unique word arrangements and new meanings. The borrowed words may be unrecognizable in the context of the found poem. Even so, its important for writers of found poetry to credit their sources. Acknowledgments are usually given in the title, as  part of an epigraph, or in a notation at the end of the poem.   Sources and Further Reading Poetry Collections Dillard, Annie.  Mornings like this: found poems. HarperCollins, 2003.Kleon, Austin. Newspaper Blackout. HarperCollins Publishers, 2014.McKim, George. Found Lost: Found Poetry and Visual Poetry. Silver Birch Press, 2015.Porter, Bern, and Joel A. Lipman et. al. Found Poems. Nightboat Books,  2011.Ruefle, Mary. A Little White Shadow. Wave Books, 2006. Resources for Teachers and Writers William Burroughs, William. The Cut Up Method.  The Moderns: An Anthology of New Writing in America.  Leroi Jones, ed., Corinth Books, 1963. Dunning, Stephen, and William Stafford. Found and Headline Poems.  Getting the Knack: 20 Poetry Writing Exercises.  National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), 1992.  secure.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Resources/Books/Sample/18488chap1.pdf.King, David Andrew. The Weight of Whats Left [Out}: Six contemporary Erasurists on Their Craft. Kenyon Review, Nov. 6, 2012. https://www.kenyonreview.org/2012/11/erasure-collaborative-interview/.â€Å"Found Poetry.†Ã‚  Teachers Guide Primary Source Set, Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/poetry/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf.â€Å"Poetry Prompts.†Ã‚  Found Poetry Review. The journal is no longer publishing, but prompts, poems, and resources are  archived on the website.  Ã‚  www.foundpoetryreview.com/category/poetry-prompts/.  Rhodes, Shade. à ¢â‚¬Å"Reuse and Recycle: Finding Poetry in Canada.†Ã‚  ArcPoetryMagazine, arcpoetry.ca/2013/05/01/reuse-and-recycle-finding-poetry-in-canada-the-full-essay-from-arc-70-2/Rueffle, Mary. On Erasure. Quarter After Eight, Vol. 16. http://www.quarteraftereight.org/toc.html .